Health and Research

1.Write short note on: a) Coenzyme b) Cofactor c) Isoenzyme(Isozyme) Answer: Coenzyme A  coenzyme  is a substance that works with an  enzyme  to initiate or aid the function of the enzyme. It can be considered a helper molecule for a biochemical reaction. Coenzymes are small, nonproteinaceous molecules that provide a transfer site for a functioning enzyme. They are intermediate carriers of an atom or group of atoms, allowing a reaction to occur.  Coenzymes  are nonprotein organic molecules that bind loosely to an enzyme. Many (not all) are vitamins or are derived from vitamins. Many coenzymes contain adenosine monophosphate (AMP). Coenzymes maybe described as either  cosubstrates  or prosthetic groups. Cofactors   are inorganic species or at least nonprotein compounds that aid enzyme function by increasing the rate of catalysis. Typically, cofactors are metal ions. Some metallic elements  have no nutritional value , bu...

Some advice 1. The question that I put here is only 50% of the total written exam preparation. 2. You go through the main book and solve the written question and also solve the previous 5 years. 3. In the future, I will give some viva question samples that will be helpful for your viva preparation. 4. Always be positive about your preparation. 5. Try to get your preparation as a forward and reverse way. Such as Definition> classification> Biomedical importance etc. In contrast reverse preparation is the definition of carbohydrate> absorption site > Stomach > Histological cells of stomach > Hormones acts on Stomach > Vagus nerve route and distribution like these. I hope you will understand the point. 6. If you have any suggestions, feel free to question here in the comment section. 7. Today (27.03.2020), Up to this. Keep in touch with me. Keep and stay safe. Best wishes and best luck. 

Slot-6 1. Draw and level the structure of autosome. 2. State and explain Mendel’s law. 3. Draw and explain the cell cycle. 4. Mention characteristics of Autosomal dominance disorder with example. 5. Mention characteristics of Autosomal recessive disorder with example 6. Mention characteristics of x-linked disorder with example 7.   Short note on- a) Turner syndrome b) Klinefelter's Syndrome c) Down syndrome 8. Draw and explain the steps of protein synthesis. 9. Write a short note on- a) transcription b) Translation c) Post-translational modification 10. Classify chromosomal disorder. Short note on-a) Karyotype b) Genetic code 11. Define and classify mutation. 12. Write a short note on a)Pleiotropy b) Punnet square c) Redundancy d) Mosaicm 13. Write down the steps of PCR with its clinical importance. 14 Short note on recombinant DNA technology.

Slot-5 1. Write down the pathogenesis of diabetes mellitus 2.Role of insulin over metabolism 3. Write down the mechanism of thyroid hormone secretion 4.Short note on a) OGTT b) IFG c) IGT d) Proteinuria e) Ricket 5. Define and classify jaundice. 6. Write down the abnormal constituents of urine with its value. 7. Write a short note on a) LDL b) HDL c) Triglyceride d) Hyperlipidemia 8.Define and classify obesity 9.Write a short note on- a) LDH b) SGPT c) SGOT d) Creatinine kinase e) ALP f) g GT g) Cardiac enzyme h) Iodine trapping 10.Mention role of Parathyroid hormone on calcium and phosphate homeostasis. 11.Short note on- a) GDM b) TSH c)CCR d) GFR e) BUN f) HBA1C 12.How urine becomes concentrated / diluted? 13. Write down the mechanism of diabetic ketoacidosis. 14. Short note on- a) Cretinism b) Myxedema c) Cushing’s Syndrome d) Addison’s disease

Slot-4 1.Define and classify body fluid compartment. Difference between ICF and ECF. How will you measure body fluid compartments? 2. State and explain the Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone mechanism. What is the thrust mechanism? 3.Shote note on a) Metabolic acidosis b) Metabolic alkalosis c) Respiratory acidosis d) Respiratory alkalosis 4. Draw and level the structure of nephron and kidney function. 5. Short note on- a) Water balance b) Plasma colloidal osmotic pressure c) Hypokalaemia with ECG changes d) Hyperkalaemia with ECG changes e) Hyponatraemia f) Dehydration   g) Tetany h) Oedema

3rd Slot: 1. Draw the sequence of co-enzymes and carriers of The respiratory chain in mitochondria. 2. Calculate a) ATP from the complete oxidation of 1 mole of glucose                        b) ATP from the complete oxidation of 1 mole of palmitic acid. 3. Short notes: a) Oxidative phosphorylation b) Oxidative deamination 4. Short notes: a) HMG CoA reductase b) Pyruvate Dehydrogenase complex 5. Show only with a diagram the pathway of ketogenesis. Give the blood changes in diabetic ketosis. 6. Show only with a diagram the steps of glycogenesis or glycogenolysis and its hormonal regulation. 7. Show only with a diagram the steps of the TCA cycle. Give points to notify the amphibolic role of the TCA cycle. 8. Show only with a diagram the turnover of amino acid nitrogen. What is nitrogen balance? 9. Show only with a diagram the fate of ammonia. 10. Short notes: a...

Slot-2 1. What is balanced diet? Write down the properties of a balanced diet. 2 . Calculate the energy required for a female medical student (Height: 165 cm, weight: 55 kgs, activity: light) 3. Short note on a) PEM with its classification b) Marasmus c) Kwashiorkor d) Lipid profile e)Fiber f) trace element   g) BMI h) Anti-oxidant vitamins h) Glycemic index 4. Write down the dietary source, daily requirement, deficiency state and function of Vit-B1, B12, Vit-A, Vit-D, Vit-E, Vit-K, Vit-C 5. Short note on a) Tetany b) Goiter c) Osteomalacia d) Essential fatty acid 6. Importance of Zinc, iron, and iodine as a mineral in the diet. 7. Write down the biosynthesis of Vit-D.

Dear students, I hope you all fine and healthy in this horrible pandemic situations. Keep yourself safe. I am trying to update your preparation for 1st professional written examination.  Here is some suggestion which makes you more confident for the written exam. Anyhow, my previous suggestion was that always solve the previous five year written question. This will be continuing... Thanks again. If you have any questions or queries, comment on the below section. Slot: 1 1. Explain the role of biochemistry in disease and health. 2. State and explain the Henderson Hasselbalch equation with its importance. 3. State and explain the Law of mass action with its importance. 4. Define diffusion. What are the factors affecting diffusion? 5. Define osmosis. What are the factors affecting osmosis? Write down the differences between osmosis and diffusion. 6. Define dialysis. Mention the physiological and clinical importance of dialysis. 7. Define isotope. Mention the phys...