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Chemotherapeutic resistance of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma is mediated by EpCAM induction driven by IL-6/p62 associated Nrf2- antioxidant pathway activation

Chemotherapeutic resistance of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma is mediated by EpCAM induction driven by IL-6/p62 associated Nrf2- antioxidant pathway activation Abu Shadat M. Noman , Rashed R. Parag , Muhammad I. Rashid , Sha fi qul Islam , Mohammad Z. Rahman , Ali A. Chowdhury , Afrin Sultana , Chandsultana Jerin , Ayesha Siddiqua , Lutfur Rahman , Junayed Nayeem , Sonam Akther , Sunanda Baidya , Rajib K. Shil , Mizanur Rahman , Afsana Shirin , Reaz Mahmud , S. M. Ikram Hossain , Sharmin A. Sumi , Ar fi na Chowdhury , Shabnam B. Basher , Abul Hasan , Shammy Bithy , Jannatul Aklima , Nabila Chowdhury , Muhammad N. Hasan , Tahmina Banu , Srikanta Chowdhury , Muhammad M. Hossain ,  Herman Yeger , Walid A. Farhat   and Syed S. Islam  Abstract Overexpression of epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM) has been associated with chemotherapeutic resistance, leads to aggressive tumor behavior, and results in an adverse clinical outcome. The molecular mechanism by which EpCAM enrichmen
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Widespread expression of Sonic hedgehog (Shh) and Nrf2 in patients treated with cisplatin predicts outcome in resected tumors and are potential therapeutic targets for HPV-negative head and neck cancer

Widespread expression of Sonic hedgehog (Shh) and Nrf2 in patients treated with cisplatin predicts outcome in resected tumors and are potential therapeutic targets for HPV-negative head and neck cancer Abu Shadat M. Noman, Rashed R. Parag, Muhammad I. Rashid, Mohammad Z. Rahman, Ali A. Chowdhury, Afrin Sultana, Chandsultana Jerin, Ayesha Siddiqua, Lutfur Rahman, Afsana Shirin, Junayed Nayeem, Reaz Mahmud, Sonam Akther, Rajib K. Shil, Ikram Hossain, Sharmin Alam, Arfina Chowdhury, Shabnam B. Basher, Abul Hasan, Shammy Bithy, Jannatul Aklima, Mizanur Rahman, Nabila Chowdhury, Tahmina Banu, Bedri Karakas, Herman Yeger, Walid A. Farhat and Syed S. Islam Abstract Background: Sonic hedgehog (Shh) and Nrf2 play a critical role in chemotherapeutic  resistance. These two genes have been found to be dysregulated in head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC). The purpose of this study was to analyze the expression, function and clinical prognostic relationship of Shh and Nrf2 in HNSCC in the
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Food and Nutrition continuation

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Vitamin B 1 (Thiamin pyrophosphate) 1. Antiberiberi factor: 1926 2. Absorption site: Jejunum/ileum 3. Biological half-life: 10-20 days. 4. Limited tissue storage so continuous supplementation is required. 5. Acts as oxidative carboxylase 6. Acts as co-enzyme with transketolase enzyme in HP shunt. 7. Cofactor for enzymes in arachidonic acid and CHO metabolism. Dietary source : Yeast, legumes, rice, cereals, etc. RDA : 1.2- 1.5 mg/day Deficiency: 1.Beriberi 2.Wernicke- Korsakoff syndrome Beriberi: Dry & Wet. Dry beriberi: Peripheral neuropathy of extremities. Wet beriberi: due to heart failure—cardiomegaly, cardiomyopathy, tachycardia, pitting peripheral edema. Wernicke encephalopathy : Chronic alcoholic, horizontal nystagmus, ophthalmoplegia, gait ataxia, confusion. Korsakoff psychosis: recent memory loss. Vitamin B12 1. Stored in the body as a flavoprotein 2. Poorly soluble in water. Function: FMN & FAD act as coenzyme. Source: M
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1st Year MBBS -Food and nutrition (Cont. from previous)

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Body Mass Index (BMI) Weight in Kg Height in sq.M 1.    Normal : 18.5-24.9 2.    Overweight: >25-30 3.    Obese: >30-40 4.    Grossly obese: >40 5.    Ideal: 22-23.5 Balanced diet : The approximation of all proximate principles of food proportionately is called a balanced diet. 1.    Contain sufficient energy. 2.    Protein: One-third 1 st class protein 3.    Fat: One third fat 4.    Energy: 50-60% CHO, 20-30% fat. Lipid Profile 1.    Cholesterol: < 200 mg/dl 2.    HDL: >40 mg/dl 3.    LDL: <100 mg/dl 4.    TG : <150 mg/dl Calculation of total energy equivalents Following steps are necessary: 1.    Determine the IBW (ideal body weight). 2.    Calculation of REE(Resting energy equivalent) 3.    Substrate 0.1 kcal/kg/hr x IBW x sleeping hour. 4.    Add activity increment: 30% REE for sedentary,50% for lightworkers, 75% for moderate workers & 100% for heavy workers 5.    Add thermic effect of food, 10% of
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1st Year MBBS- Food and Nutrition-1

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Proximal principle of food Definition: are defined as the number of nutrient present in the diet to maintain optimal growth of an organism. Nutrition: Nutrition is a science that relates food with health. Nutrient: It is an essential chemical substances present in the diet required for optimal growth and maintenance of the health of an organism. Fiber: Fibers are a non-digestive, non-caloric, fraction of carbohydrate present in the diet. Example: Cellulose, pectin, agar, etc. Trace element: Trace elements are micronutrients required in diet < 100mirogram /day. Example: 3C: Copper, Cobalt, Chromium 2M: Manganese, Molybdenum 2I: Iodine, Iron Selenium, Fluoride, Zinc. About CHO 1.    Total energy in Kcal/day is 50-65% CHO 2.    Complex: starch variety 3.    Ready sugar must be avoided. 4.    Spares fat and protein 5.    One fraction of CHO should be fiber. About Protein 1.    Daily requirement: Adult: 1g/kgbw.Baby: 1.5-2g/kgbw. 2.   
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